Meno’s Paradox

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I’ve been reading a treatise Plato wrote about an exchange between Socrates and Menos regarding the nature of virtue. Socrates wants Menos to define virtue, what it is in essence. All Menos can do is give examples of actions and behaviors that could be labeled virtuous.

Socrates admits he, himself, doesn’t know what virtue is, much to the exasperation of Menos. (who may have suggested): if an inquiry cannot produce new knowledge, but only recapitulate what is already known, new knowledge is impossible.

To which Socrates (might have countered): that the answer is with the ‘immortal soul’ within each of us that has always existed and experienced all things. Tapping the ‘immortal soul’ will reveal the learning we desire simply by ‘recollecting’.

Twisted logic, maybe, but the problem of what constitutes virtue is a good one.

Osmosis

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I’ve been thinking about osmosis as being, on the one hand, a fact of science and as an imaginative concept on the other. The reality of osmosis as apparent in the loss of air in car tires over time demonstrates the movement of a tangible material (air) through an otherwise impermeable material (rubber).

Which, I guess, demonstrates the movement of subatomic particles in space and confirms that on the molecular level nothing is ‘solid’ but rather transitional, in flux and changeable.

Which brings to mind our inherent impermanence as bodies in space. Such perspective, when thought about ought to temper the inclination to react too strongly to the political events of the day.

An Open Society

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The history of humankind records periods of time when openness to multicultural interactions and beneficial trade opportunities sped the development of civilization. Intellectual exchange produced new ideas that led to economic stability that freed up time for the revelation of personal skill sets that provided a more functional society. Cities grew; living standards improved.

History informs us of other periods of time, of isolationism, when strong leaders were unwilling to participate in open exchange, were content in their belief that autonomous existence was safer, superior to competition imposed by multicultural exchange. Such a mindset, though, was unprepared to flex when the need for innovation to overcome extended drought, for instance, are fend off enemy incursions when alliances weren’t available for support.

The old trope that ignoring history means repeating mistakes of the past seems to be happening again.

The Einsteins

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Anecdotal evidence informs us Albert Einstein did not fare well within a formal educational environment. One might surmise, considering the discoveries he later made in theoretical physics, the pace and structure of conventional rote learning didn’t work for him.

His Theory of Relativity remains the paradigm for understanding the relationships between space/time and gravity. The idea that large bodies in space warp the trajectory of light means, I guess, that the actual location of the celestial body emitting that light is somewhere other than the location of the light we see, a situation exacerbated by our own movement over time. This idea of there being a fourth dimension to our three-dimensional world, the mathematical specifics of which notwithstanding, offers, when considered from a scifi perspective, immense opportunity for the creative mind.

Logos

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I’ve been reading about the early philosophers, the pre-Socratics, the men who first put into words the essential questions about the nature of our existence in this world. Some of these deep thinkers saw divine reason in the flow of life, a creative order beyond understanding that in their minds explained why the world is the way it is.

Well before these Greek thinkers sensed the presence of the supernatural, pre-historical men believed beings existed within their natural environment inhabiting the natural flora and fauna around them. These powerful spirits required, in their minds, placation, sometimes sacrifice.

How much did fear of the unknown, overwhelming uncertainty play in turning to invention of the divine, or was recognition involved? When did man develop a sense of inherent soul in their fellows, a moral worth that opened their minds and hearts to a world infinitely greater than the mean existence of mere survival?

Human Nature

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A Pragmatist is someone who sees true reality and works with it, within the limitations of what is at hand. An Idealist sees the reality of what is, finds it lacking and seeks to change things for the better. In either case, these are all people of action, seeking positive outcomes, though the results they seek may differ, one being of a personal nature the other altruistic.

There are, however, those pragmatists who choose a life path of least resistance as they seek the easiest means of finding a comfortable existence, which might mean overstepping legal and moral imperatives, taking advantage of an open society. And there are those idealists, who, finding society resistant to change, are unable to reach their goals, give up, living out their lives amorally on the social fringes.

Human nature determines the path taken, but success and well-being will require a moral commitment.

Sigmund

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In the late 19th century, Sigmund Freud developed his theories on the nature of the human psyche. The primary motivation for most everyone’s behavior, he determined, was the sex drive. Beginning in early childhood, oral and anal fixations, then phallic and genital fascination defined the libido, the personality and life-force through the id, ego and superego: the realization of desire than tempered with age.

Problems of social adjustment were often caused, he surmised, by suppression of one’s natural sex drive, so, through psychoanalysis, he believed he could cure his troubled patients by making them aware of their latent sexuality.

Certain personality disorders Sigmund traced back to a childhood infatuation with his mother from whom the patient’s sexual inhibitions originated, an illness he labeled an Oedipal Complex after the tragic Greek figure Oedipus who fell in love with his mother and killed his father.

Anecdotally, it turns out Sigmund was his mother’s favorite and while he did produce progeny, it appears his sexual activity was short-lived.

The Avant-Guarde

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It used to be the case, as I remember it, an ambitious artist, seeking recognition, would attempt to stretch the envelope. As an artist in the 60’s and 70’s there was great impetus to go beyond what had been done in the arts, to expand the notion of what art is. Not simply to seek ‘the new’ in itself but to find ways to make meaning unavailable to traditional means of artmaking.

Mid-20th century, recognition in an increasingly competitive art world depended on reaching beyond, developing new techniques, challenge tradition aesthetic values. Success in such endeavor would depend on receiving hostile reviews and negative responses from the art establishment. Whether such art offered meaningful content or was simply exploitive, recognition was the key to success, which was likely to be short-lived, undermined by the eventual critical recognition and acceptance, the critics themselves seeking acknowledgement of their depths of understanding.

It being understood, then, that nothing is truly new even as convoluted explanation fought the inevitable decline of the Avant-Guarde.

Spectral Visions

A Short Chat

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The increasing use of chatbots these days has me wondering if my modest blog might be thought of as AI produced. Careful as I am-using spell-check and avoiding redundancies, not delving into contexts I know nothing about-it seems my short musings ought to be seen as human produce.

To underscore the obvious, the absence of intricate nuance must make it clear, dear reader, this writer is receiving no help from artificial sources. But, maybe, to be certain no doubt exists as to the origin of my modest posts, a convoluted sentence or two ought to verify these texts human touch.

Good enough? Happy reading.

Depression

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I’ve been reading that one in five Americans suffer from depression.  Assuming the depression recognized is significant, requiring medical assistance and or medication, the statistic is dramatic.  Apparently major studies are being made toward treating severe anxiety disorders, PTSD, migraines and other emotionally debilitating illnesses.  

Now, a means has been found to identify and stimulate the part of the brain where the illness occurs and is being proven to be effective.  Dr. Nolan Williams has been most instrumental in devising a means of treatment.  He developed an electronic stimulator that produces a magnetic field aimed at neurons in the targeted spot in the brain creating a rapid intermittent pulse that is found to be effective in producing a remission of clinical depression in most patients. 

As hopeful as this treatment is proving to be, it is not apparently fool proof: Dr. Williams recently took his own life at the age of forty-three.