Tag Archives: drawing

Ways to Live

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In the late 19th Century Friedrich Nietzsche warned of the downside of embracing Christian morality, a slave-like adherence limiting one’s potential to achieve. One should reject such belief, he suggests, and instead strive to become, lift oneself above herd morality and establish a unique personal independence.

100 years later Rabbi Jonathon Sacks advocated for social integration achievable through adherence to a ‘do unto others’ imperative and achievable through spiritual faith. Such a moral stance ensures social cooperation and cohesiveness in keeping with societal norms and ethical principles.

Better, then, to relish a freedom beyond herd morality and an open-ended progressive future devoid of adherence to societal norms or the freedom spiritual belief and adherence to ethical principles shared among like minds provides?

Past and Future

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It’s a fact that generation after generation of humankind reveled in the remembered past, times that in the collective mind were so much better than those presently being lived through. Psychologically it figures, I guess, considering the uncertainties of the ‘now’, problems we must deal with while problems of the past have long since been resolved, difficulties forgotten yielding pleasant memories of past good times.

So, we may conservatively champion the nostalgic past rather than endure the uncertainties of a dynamic future that requires us to stay alert and tuned in, but we have to ask ourselves which scenario will produce the most satisfying personal results.

Virtue

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I’ve been reading Aristotle’s Ethics lately. In it, he spends considerable time defining what it means to be virtuous. His investigations consider how one’s feelings or actions determine how one measures up virtue-wise, the general rule being the exercise of moderation in one’s behavior, avoiding excess on the one hand but acting when action is called for, providing it’s the right action to the right person to the right extent at the right time with the right motive in the right way.

As I think about it, it seems to me excessive behaviors are not something I might be accused of but perhaps I am a bit lax when it comes to social action. Even so, I wonder if I want the label. Assuming virtuosity as a personal trait seems a bit pretentious. I guess, though, there’s nothing wrong in having pride in one’s good behavior, but I have to wonder how capable I am of getting all the ‘rights’ right.

The Importance of Pluralism

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As Christianity took hold in Rome following the dream that inspired Constantine to declare it acceptable, lawful and primary within the empire, church fathers imposed their political will.  Christian orthodoxy became the law of the land, all unorthodox believers subject to extreme punishment or death.  Huge numbers were forcibly baptized, making them subject to the will of the Church.  The results of this oppression suppressed free thought and led to the destruction of the learned texts and knowledgeable thought of the previous 500 years.  As these dark ages persisted literacy disappeared and western civilization reverted, learning replaced by mythical thinking. 

How are things different now?  Strong armed political will push a narrative aimed toward personal enrichment for a few without regard to the majority.  200 years of intellectual progress opened myriad ideas producing unprecedented cultural and technological innovation in a truly pluralistic society is being attacked.  The xenophobic fears of a populous looking backwards are in danger of finding themselves living in the kind of closed society that history informs us has been the demise of many earlier civilizations. 

The Demise of Closed Societies

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The historical significance of an open society; encouraging immigration, acceptance of cultural and religious differences has produced over the centuries multi-cultural populations sharing diverse ideas that result in a more productive society; room and time for people to excel at what they do best.

Even so, there are those among us, a conservative population, comfortable with their neighbors of similar ethnicity, religious beliefs and culture, where the status quo is an undeniable rule. Immigrant populations are discouraged, disallowed to participate, denied an initial hand-up and isolated rather than given the means to assimilate, which is what they desire.

It should be remembered that over the course of history closed societies are destined for collapse.

Plasticity as Philosophical Concept

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I’ve been reading about the philosophy of Plasticity, which deals with one’s capacity for change. This thinking investigates the potential for profound personal formation and adaptability in various contexts, including personal identity and social inclusion.

Whereas the idea of ‘reinventing yourself’ through cosmetics or dress and maybe exploration of new venues of social participation might be thought of as involving a mental flexibility Plasticity is the ability to overturn an essential understanding of the natural world and to replace that understanding with thinking that transcends materiality and moves into a realm that may embrace the metaphysical.

What, then, may one reasonably imagine?

Predicating Christianity

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I’ve been reading how Plato and like thinkers derived, through dialectical thinking the existence of metaphysical forms, ideals that exist of which everything on earth are but imperfect copies.

(Plato’s) Socrates compares the ‘unbegotten’ immortal soul to a charioteer in a chariot with two-winged horses that when perfect soars upward, ordering the world, whereas the imperfect soul, loses its wings, drops in its upward flight, settles on the ground as an earthly creature.

From the earliest times, great minds have found meaning beyond the material world, which is not to discount other great minds that have found, through empirical observation, sufficient explanation for existence in natural philosophy.

Meno’s Paradox

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I’ve been reading a treatise Plato wrote about an exchange between Socrates and Menos regarding the nature of virtue. Socrates wants Menos to define virtue, what it is in essence. All Menos can do is give examples of actions and behaviors that could be labeled virtuous.

Socrates admits he, himself, doesn’t know what virtue is, much to the exasperation of Menos. (who may have suggested): if an inquiry cannot produce new knowledge, but only recapitulate what is already known, new knowledge is impossible.

To which Socrates (might have countered): that the answer is with the ‘immortal soul’ within each of us that has always existed and experienced all things. Tapping the ‘immortal soul’ will reveal the learning we desire simply by ‘recollecting’.

Twisted logic, maybe, but the problem of what constitutes virtue is a good one.

Logos

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I’ve been reading about the early philosophers, the pre-Socratics, the men who first put into words the essential questions about the nature of our existence in this world. Some of these deep thinkers saw divine reason in the flow of life, a creative order beyond understanding that in their minds explained why the world is the way it is.

Well before these Greek thinkers sensed the presence of the supernatural, pre-historical men believed beings existed within their natural environment inhabiting the natural flora and fauna around them. These powerful spirits required, in their minds, placation, sometimes sacrifice.

How much did fear of the unknown, overwhelming uncertainty play in turning to invention of the divine, or was recognition involved? When did man develop a sense of inherent soul in their fellows, a moral worth that opened their minds and hearts to a world infinitely greater than the mean existence of mere survival?

A Short Chat

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The increasing use of chatbots these days has me wondering if my modest blog might be thought of as AI produced. Careful as I am-using spell-check and avoiding redundancies, not delving into contexts I know nothing about-it seems my short musings ought to be seen as human produce.

To underscore the obvious, the absence of intricate nuance must make it clear, dear reader, this writer is receiving no help from artificial sources. But, maybe, to be certain no doubt exists as to the origin of my modest posts, a convoluted sentence or two ought to verify these texts human touch.

Good enough? Happy reading.